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Hybrid disciplines too make use of the tools of evolutionary psychology. Personality psychology, historically refractory to evolutionary analysis, is finally beginning to discover adaptive individual differences. And it provides a framework for examining how mismatches between ancestral and modern environments can create psychological disorders. It also sheds light on common afflictions such as depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and sexual disorders. Evolutionary developmental psychology has explored the ways in which critical ontogentic events, such as father absence versus father presence, influence the subsequent development of sexual strategies.Įvolutionary clinical psychology provides a non-arbitrary definition of psychological disorder-when an evolved mechanism fails to function as it was designed to function. Evolutionary social psychology has produced a wealth of discoveries, ranging from adaptations for altruism to the dark sides of social conflict. In cognitive psychology, based on a fusion of signal detection theory and the asymmetric evolutionary costs of cognitive errors, it has led to error management theory and the discovery of functional cognitive biases that are, strange as it may seem, “designed” to err in adaptive ways. In perception and sensation, it has led to the discovery of phenomena such as the auditory looming bias and the visual descent illusion. Over the past decade, evolutionary psychology has increasingly informed each sub-discipline within psychology. Advances in modern evolutionary theory heralded by inclusive fitness theory and the “gene’s-eye” perspective guide researchers to phenomena Darwin could not have envisioned, such as inherent and predictable forms of within-family conflict and sexual conflict between males and females. These theories have great heuristic value, guiding psychologists to classes of adaptive problems linked with survival (e.g., threats from other species such as snakes and spiders threats from other humans) and reproduction (e.g., mate selection, sexual rivalry, adaptations to ovulation).
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It is based on a series of logically consistent and well-confirmed premises: (1) that evolutionary processes have sculpted not merely the body, but also the brain, the psychological mechanisms it houses, and the behavior it produces (2) many of those mechanisms are best conceptualized as psychological adaptations designed to solve problems that historically contributed to survival and reproduction, broadly conceived (3) psychological adaptations, along with byproducts of those adaptations, are activated in modern environments that differ in some important ways from ancestral environments (4) critically, the notion that psychological mechanisms have adaptive functions is a necessary, not an optional, ingredient for a comprehensive psychological science.ĭarwin provided two key theories that guide much of modern psychological research-natural selection and sexual selection. A century and a half later, it’s clear that his vision proved prescient (Buss, 2009).Įvolutionary psychology is not a distinct branch of psychology, but rather a theoretical lens that is currently informing all branches of psychology. Buss is Professor of Psychology at the University of Texas at Austin.Īt the end of his classic treatise in 1859, On the Origin of Species, Darwin envisioned that in the distant future, the field of psychology would be based on a new foundation-that of evolutionary theory. PSA thanks the authors for their provocative contributions.ĭarwin’s Influence on Modern Psychological ScienceĮvolutionary Psychology and the Evolution of Psychologyĭarwinian Psychology: Where the Present Meets the PastĪn Open Letter to Comparative Psychologistsīy Daniel J. Scientists and philosophers were invited to submit personal reflections on the significance and influence of Darwin’s theory and of current views of evolution within contemporary psychology.
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In commemoration of the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of his seminal work On the Origin of Species, this edition of Psychological Science Agenda includes a special section on evolutionary theory and psychology.